What is a turbine and what are its types?

 

Turbine

A turbine has blades at one end and electromagnets at the opposite that make electricity because the blade moves.  Turbines are wont to generate electricity from wind, water and steam.

Turbine

Biomass Turbine

The a part of a generator unit that's cut by the force of water or steam to run an electrical generator.  A turbine usually consists of a series of rotating vane or blades on a central spindle.

Turbine Front

Chelanpud Turbine

A rotary engine during which the K.E. of a moving fluid is converted into energy, causing a rotor rotor to rotate.

Princeton Turbine

There's energy in water fraught. Turbines convert water energy into rotating energy.

• turbines convert the K.E. of a jet of water into energy.
• turbines convert P.E. into energy in pressurized water.

Impulse turbine

An impulsive turbine mechanical energy, or water head, is first converted to K.E. by discharging water through a carefully shaped tip.  The jet is discharged into the air.  To drain the energy of water, the bucket is directed at the periphery of the runner.  Thus the turbine is converted for useful work.

• Tolerate sand.
• Easy to fabricate.
• Proficient in an extremely large selection of heads and flows.
• The water going through the nozzle is converted into a high-speed jet of water.

Turbine inner view

  Pelton

•   low flow
•   Medium to high head

  Turgo

•   Medium Flow
•   Medium to high head

  cross flow

•   High flow
•   Lown to move head

 Pelton Turbine

The Pelton wheel is one among the foremost efficient sorts of water turbines. it absolutely was invented within the 1870s by Lester Alan Pelto. and is an impulse machine, meaning that it uses Newton's Second Law of Law to extract energy from a jet of fluid.

• a minimum of one jet of water hits the bucket at air pressure.
• Maximum jet diameter about 1/3 bucket width.
• Low heads are used to increase jet flow.

 Turgo Turbine

Turgo turbine is a water impulse turbine.  The middle end of which is designed for applications.  Operational turgo turbines achieve a capacity of about 87%.  Turgo turbines perform with up to 90% capacity in factory and laboratory tests.

• like the Pelton Sprinter, but a more complex blade design.
• Greater Flow Possible Crossflow turbine

Reaction Turbine

in an exceedingly turbine, the forces driving the rotor are obtained by the rapid water flow response within the runner, while the pressure drops.  Reaction theory is often seen in very rotary lawn sprinklers where emerging jets drive the rotor incorrectly. because of the good form of possible runner designs, reaction turbines is employed in an oversized range of heads.

•   Expensive blade manufacturing.
•   High rate.
•   More specific site than impulse.
•   Uses pressure drop across turbine.
•   Cavitmust be avoided.
•   High turbine speed at low head.

Francis Turbine

Francis turbines are probably used on the most important scale, because the big selection of suitable heads ranges from three to 600 meters. within the high-head range, the flow and output must be large;  Otherwise the runner becomes too small for correct construction.  At the low-head end, propeller turbines are generally more efficient as long because the power output is additionally small.

•  The guide van are often adjusted by the governor.
•  Efficiency decreases because the flow decreases.
•  The flow of water is radial from outer to internal.
•  The be due radial to axial changes slowly.

 Propeller turbine

Fixed propeller-type turbines are commonly used for larger units at lower heads, leading to larger diameters and slower rotational speeds.

• just like ships' propellers.
• there's a guide van which is comparable to Francis turbine.
• A Kaplan turbine has variable pitch blades.
• art flow efficiency is poor.

Pump as turbine

Centrifugal pumps is used as turbines. Lower cost thanks to production.There's no direct relationship between pump  characteristics and turbine characteristics.

• Flow is fixed for a given heat.
• Good for grid-tie with induction motors.